Coil Spring Car

Description

• Springs allow the wheels to move up to absorb bumps in the road and reduce jolts, while shock absorbers prevent up and down bumps. Various mechanical linkages keep the wheels in line.
• Most cars have steel springs, the oldest being leaf springs. The uppermost and longest stripe, the main leaf, curls at each end into an eye, through which it attaches to the frame. The lower leaves are getting shorter and less curved.
• When the spring deflects, it flattens so that the second blade touches the main blade, and then the third blade touches the second blade. The spring thus becomes progressively stiffer. Such a spring is smoother than a stiff ordinary single-leaf spring.
• In some cars, the multi-leaf springs have been replaced by a special single-leaf steel plate that is tapered in cross-section and has progressive stiffness in deflection.
• A coil spring car is simply a flexible coil of steel rod. It is stretched or compressed by the vertical motion of the wheel.
• A torsion bar is a length of spring steel with splines or square ends. One splined end is attached to a lever arm that forms part of the suspension. As the lever arm moves up and down, the rod turns.
• The other splined end is secured to the frame. The splines prevent the rod from turning in its mount. Instead, when the suspension deflects, the rod must twist.

• In all forms of steel springs, the forces from road impacts are stored by spring deflection rather than transmitted to the passenger. These forces are then gradually released, returning the car to a level driving position.
• Rubber springs can perform the same function, but they don't store much energy, so they should only be used in light vehicles.
• A form of hydraulic suspension can be combined with rubber springs to improve the system. The up and down motion of the wheel pumps fluid from one chamber to the other through the damper valve. Each chamber has a flexible diaphragm with compressed gas on the other side.
• As the fluid enters the chamber through the valve, the gas is further compressed. In effect, the gas acts as a pneumatic spring.
• There is usually a connecting tube through which some of the fluid pumped from the front wheel chamber flows to the rear wheel on the same side to balance the suspension.
• The Citroen hydraulic suspension can be pumped up and down, raising or lowering the car to the desired height.

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